Red_Ensign.png FlagHopeman

Hopeman

Contacts: Buckie Harbour Office 01542 831700

This is a small tidal harbour on the South coast of the Moray Firth between Lossiemouth and Burghead. It was developed during the nineteenth century with about three major redesigns over that period; the original village and harbour was built for the export of sandstone quarried nearby but then the fishing industry moved in and, to house it, subsequent redevelopment was required.

The railway came through in the late 1850s but the passenger service fell off before the Second WW and then the branch line was closed by Beeching and there is now a caravan site built over the old station (hence the name "Station" Caravan Park). As with the other small harbours on this coast the decline of the fishing industry has resulted in the harbour being taken over by the leisure industry and Hopeman is trying to catch up with that. The harbour is administered by the Moray Council which, two years ago, installed a central pontoon down the inner harbour now completely occupied by amateur anglers. Although this has almost doubled the available berths here, there is still a waiting list and very little provision for visitors' berths.


This is a small village, the harbour dries and safe entry is about three hours either side of HW depending on your draft and the state of the tide. The entry is interesting and is dealt with below, but, as a result of the convoluted nature of its entrance, the harbour gives good shelter in all winds and seas but it is dangerous to attempt entry in strong winds from WSW to NE.

The harbour entrance faces West by South and a half West, and consists of an East pier which turns and becomes the North pier, a West pier which turns inside and parallels the North pier to form the entrance channel. The central pier divides the harbour into two basins with a narrow entrance into the inner basin. Luckily the Admiralty provide a harbour diagram which shows the arrangement better than it can be described; the 180° turn into the inner harbour from the entrance channel is quite a sharp one.

On a sunny day this is a lovely spot and on a blowy day a welcome respite and, if you can take the bottom, a change from the regular Lossiemouth, Whitehills transit of this coast.. The Reeds Almanac warns of lobster pots (called "creels" on this coast) in the offings of this harbour; anyone who sails this coast knows that this is true of the whole coastline and if you are making a night transit you need to sail a good 3 or 4 miles off to be halfway sure of avoiding them!!

Hopeman

Approach

There are charted rocks on the approach....

.... to this harbour and the approach bearing (081°T) with the leading marks dead in line appears to get very close to them but the author, who, as you can see from our photo gallery, stayed dead on the leading marks at half tide saw no sign of them. So, it would appear that, as long as you use those marks (which are lit), the approach is free of excitement.

The only problem is the turn into the inner harbour; it is very tight and once you are in the entrance channel it is impossible to see over the inner walls to identify any other moving traffic. That wouldn't be a problem except that to make the turn inbound you will have to go over to the port side of the channel and by the time you've completed the turn you'll be on the port side of the entrance to the inner harbour; so be careful.


Outbound it's not a problem as you will exit the inner harbour on the starboard side and end up going down the starboard side of the channel. You should also be careful because the beach in the outer harbour shelves towards the inner harbour entrance and there may not be much water to the South of it, if you overshoot the turn.

  Harbour   Anchorage   Marina
   £   GMT

Waypoint

57°42.67N 003°26.65W

Charts

AC 0223 Dunrobin Point to Buckie; AC 1462-5 Hopeman Harbour; C23 Fife Ness to Moray Firth (harbour plan of Hopeman); SC 5617-8 Lossiemouth to Tarbat Ness; SC 5617- 18C Hopeman Harbour

Rules & Regs

3 kts speed limit

Hazards

Rocks off the harbour entrance.

Tides

HW Hopeman is HW Aberdeen – 0135 MHWS 4.1m MHWN 3.2m MLWN 1.6m MLWS 0.6m
HopemanHarbour0-3.43771531235745157.70883884781057Contacts: Buckie Harbour Office 01542 831700 This is a small tidal harbour on the South coast of the Moray Firth between Lossiemouth and Burghead. It was developed during the nineteenth century with about three major redesigns over that period; the original village and harbour was built for the export of sandstone quarried nearby but then the fishing industry moved in and, to house it, subsequent redevelopment was required. The railway came through in the late 1850s but the passenger service fell off before the Second WW and then the branch line was closed by Beeching and there is now a caravan site built over the old station (hence the name "Station" Caravan Park). As with the other small harbours on this coast the decline of the fishing industry has resulted in the harbour being taken over by the leisure industry and Hopeman is trying to catch up with that. The harbour is administered by the Moray Council which, two years ago, installed a central pontoon down the inner harbour now completely occupied by amateur anglers. Although this has almost doubled the available berths here, there is still a waiting list and very little provision for visitors' berths. This is a small village, the harbour dries and safe entry is about three hours either side of HW depending on your draft and the state of the tide. The entry is interesting and is dealt with below, but, as a result of the convoluted nature of its entrance, the harbour gives good shelter in all winds and seas but it is dangerous to attempt entry in strong winds from WSW to NE. The harbour entrance faces West by South and a half West, and consists of an East pier which turns and becomes the North pier, a West pier which turns inside and parallels the North pier to form the entrance channel. The central pier divides the harbour into two basins with a narrow entrance into the inner basin. Luckily the Admiralty provide a harbour diagram which shows the arrangement better than it can be described; the 180° turn into the inner harbour from the entrance channel is quite a sharp one. On a sunny day this is a lovely spot and on a blowy day a welcome respite and, if you can take the bottom, a change from the regular Lossiemouth, Whitehills transit of this coast.. The Reeds Almanac warns of lobster pots (called "creels" on this coast) in the offings of this harbour; anyone who sails this coast knows that this is true of the whole coastline and if you are making a night transit you need to sail a good 3 or 4 miles off to be halfway sure of avoiding them!! AC 0223 Dunrobin Point to Buckie; AC 1462-5 Hopeman Harbour; C23 Fife Ness to Moray Firth (harbour plan of Hopeman); SC 5617-8 Lossiemouth to Tarbat Ness; SC 5617- 18C Hopeman Harbour3 kts speed limit Rocks off the harbour entrance. HW Hopeman is HW Aberdeen – 0135 MHWS 4.1m MHWN 3.2m MLWN 1.6m MLWS 0.6mThere are charted rocks on the approach.... .... to this harbour and the approach bearing (081°T) with the leading marks dead in line appears to get very close to them but the author, who, as you can see from our photo gallery, stayed dead on the leading marks at half tide saw no sign of them. So, it would appear that, as long as you use those marks (which are lit), the approach is free of excitement. The only problem is the turn into the inner harbour; it is very tight and once you are in the entrance channel it is impossible to see over the inner walls to identify any other moving traffic. That wouldn't be a problem except that to make the turn inbound you will have to go over to the port side of the channel and by the time you've completed the turn you'll be on the port side of the entrance to the inner harbour; so be careful. Outbound it's not a problem as you will exit the inner harbour on the starboard side and end up going down the starboard side of the channel. You should also be careful because the beach in the outer harbour shelves towards the inner harbour entrance and there may not be much water to the South of it, if you overshoot the turn. Inside the inner harbour there is not much room to manoeuvre.... .... now that they have a central pontoon and there will be no harbour staff on hand to advise you where you can moor. Any empty berths on the pontoon will have permanent owners so don't be tempted to tie up to those (their owners are likely to be fishing and want it when they get back!). Likewise the West wall is unlikely to have a spare ladder. There are two possibilities; alongside the inside of the North wall (there are ladders) or, if you are lucky, the Gordonston School boats might be out of the water and the hammerhead on the pontoon may be free. One of the best ways to see what you will be faced with is to look at the Google "Street view" on the link below. (The Street view is more up to date than the satellite view) But even that does not show the vessels now using both sides of the central pier which was the case when one of our members called in there in recent years.Street view, click hereRemember that this harbour dries so berths closer to the South end of the pontoons are very shallow and there is also a shallower bank between the hammerhead and the North wall so that even if the boats on the hammerhead and the North wall are afloat you can still ground in between them. Harbour charges are now (2025) about £26 per night; that is if the part time harbour master puts in an appearance. Or you can pay on line HEREI'm afraid there is very little other than water and public toilets. The garage has closed so, petrol, diesel and gas have to be found further afield (at Lossiemouth; nothing at Burghead either). There are no services on the pontoon. If this is your first visit to a Moray Council Harbour you may be puzzled by the round baskets rigged on all the outboard engines tilted out of the water; it doesn't mean that the boat owners around here are particularly careless; it's the dreaded Health and Safety bods on the Council who have made it mandatory! There may still be a tearoom on the main street and when we were there the Chinese takeaway was closed, although we were told it is still trading. There is a Post Office, a fish and chip shop, a butcher and a Costcutter store. The Station Caravan site has no services for yachtsmen. Restaurants & Places to Eat in Hopeman - Tripadvisor The pub here is called the Braemou Inn and does evening meals on a Friday and Saturday 0Hopeman1. Hopeman4. Hopeman3.Hopeman5. Hopeman entrance channel with Burghead in the distance.Hopeman. Gourdonstoun School boats on the hammerhead6. Hopeman looking across harbour from the NEHopeman. New Pontoons2. Hopeman Leading Marks7. Hopeman in rough weather before the central pontoons were installedHopeman Inner HarbourHopeman. Cromarty, Wind Northerly, Severe Gale 9 to Storm Force 10.Hopeman before the installation of the central pontoonStitch it & Fix Ithttp://www.stitchitandfixit.co.uk/This company will undertake repairs to damaged sails and covers. They will also manufacture covers for boats and other projects.Stitch it & Fix It1 North RoadKinlossIV36 3YAForresMorayshireUK057.6358635-3.5493487Stitch it & Fix It1 North RoadKinlossIV36 3YAForresMorayshireUKStitch it & Fix Ittphipps2751@yahoo.co.uk01309 692 142tphipps2751@yahoo.co.uk01309 692 142Hopeman Harbour Masterhttp://www.morayfirth-partnership.org/index.php?id=621&db=mfp&record=3701Mainly leisure angling and boatingHopeman Harbour MasterHarbour OfficeGranary StreetBurgheadIV30 5UABurgheadUK057.702014-3.4952124Hopeman Harbour MasterHarbour OfficeGranary StreetBurgheadIV30 5UABurgheadUKHopeman Harbour MasterJohn.MacKay@moray.gov.uk01343835337John.MacKay@moray.gov.uk01343835337Poseidon Navigation Services Ltdwww.poseidonnavigation.comAll forms of navigation services for large ships but also is one of the few Compass adjusters in the region.Poseidon Navigation Services LtdCarestown SteadingDeskfordAB56 5TRBuckieMorayUK057.6483552-2.8122784Poseidon Navigation Services LtdCarestown SteadingDeskfordAB56 5TRBuckieMorayUKPoseidon Navigation Services Ltdinfo <info@poseidonnavigation.com01542 841245info <info@poseidonnavigation.com01542 841245Stitch N AwlA new company which is building a reputation for quality. They have expanded into sail repairs this season having done some for visitors to this coast during this season.Stitch N Awl12, Main streetPortsoyAB45 2RTBanffAberdeenshireUK057.6850481-2.6876303Stitch N Awl12, Main streetPortsoyAB45 2RTBanffAberdeenshireUKStitch N Awla.dmorrison@yahoo.co.uk01261 843848a.dmorrison@yahoo.co.uk01261 843848Don Thomson2016-04-05T10:09:00+01:00Update Spring 2016These notes were reviewed by Don in April 2016. Very little change except for a small hike in the prices.-1Don Thomson2018-04-10T14:11:00+01:00UPDATE SPRING 2018It sounds as though this harbour is becoming even more cluttered than hitherto. The dues have gone up in line with the other Moray harbours.-1BillH2017-07-07T17:11:00+01:00Harbour Availability July 2017I wished to visit Hopeman over the HW period tomorrow (8 July 17) and visited the harbour to check. Your 'Street View' is totally misleading on a number of counts. Normally we moor on the east wall outside the marina which is fine for a yacht + or - a couple of hours either side of HW. Sadly this is no longetr available as there are now two local small fishing boats as well as a commercial (very large) mooring with chain taking up most of the wall. Your information discourages use of the marina pontoons should any be available. Such a shame. Have visited many times over the decades without a problem ...-1Don Thomson 32022-06-30T10:06:00+01:00UPDATE JULY 2022I reviewed these notes in early July 2022. No changes but there is a discrepancy between the Moray website and the local HMs on the price for visiting boats (the website says £20.46 and the locals say £20.00!-1Don Thomson 32021-05-26T07:58:00+01:00UPDATE SPRING 2021I reviewed these notes in May 2021. The Buckie Assistant HM located at Burghead is responsible for the day to day running of Hopeman and, should you wish to visit it would be a good idea to contact him on 07880 086756-1HighWater2026-07-01T00:31:12false3.7721649633004026falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-01T06:43:18false0.9648637618617536falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-01T13:06:55.783false3.6138950919401163falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-01T18:49:36false1.2158268955450238falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-02T01:04:08.633false3.8020679020853336falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-02T07:20:03false0.91042923080438065falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-02T13:39:25.867false3.6094107232414565falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-02T19:26:21false1.2075150872488745falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-03T01:35:43false3.8062253645116098falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-03T07:56:23.733false0.89097170545039051falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-03T14:12:51.667false3.5774992524887272falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-03T20:01:13.067false1.2275619455499505falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-04T02:08:13.083false3.7843873236283043falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-04T08:31:06.933false0.907855876291182falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-04T14:48:08.9false3.5233021641843045falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-04T20:35:56.267false1.2774992697765037falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-05T02:43:30.317false3.74047000863207falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-05T09:08:43.2false0.954964257600144falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-05T15:26:13.283false3.4570261007378642falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-05T21:13:32.45false1.3524372167934453falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-06T03:21:34.7false3.6803788285457166falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-06T09:48:15.267false1.0234188150624035falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-06T16:08:00.533false3.3903479576542956falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-06T21:56:56.067false1.4440552531064084falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-07T04:05:13.383false3.6092119446615833falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-07T10:34:32.85false1.1062136136542295falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-07T16:55:22.083false3.3352968663545046falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-07T22:49:00.6false1.5363651139828953falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-01T00:31:12false3.7721649633004026falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-01T06:43:18false0.9648637618617536falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-01T13:06:55.783false3.6138950919401163falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-01T18:49:36false1.2158268955450238falsefalse2026-07-01T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-02T01:04:08.633false3.8020679020853336falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-02T07:20:03false0.91042923080438065falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-02T13:39:25.867false3.6094107232414565falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-02T19:26:21false1.2075150872488745falsefalse2026-07-02T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-03T01:35:43false3.8062253645116098falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-03T07:56:23.733false0.89097170545039051falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-03T14:12:51.667false3.5774992524887272falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-03T20:01:13.067false1.2275619455499505falsefalse2026-07-03T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-04T02:08:13.083false3.7843873236283043falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-04T08:31:06.933false0.907855876291182falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-04T14:48:08.9false3.5233021641843045falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-04T20:35:56.267false1.2774992697765037falsefalse2026-07-04T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-05T02:43:30.317false3.74047000863207falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-05T09:08:43.2false0.954964257600144falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-05T15:26:13.283false3.4570261007378642falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-05T21:13:32.45false1.3524372167934453falsefalse2026-07-05T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-06T03:21:34.7false3.6803788285457166falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-06T09:48:15.267false1.0234188150624035falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-06T16:08:00.533false3.3903479576542956falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-06T21:56:56.067false1.4440552531064084falsefalse2026-07-06T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-07T04:05:13.383false3.6092119446615833falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-07T10:34:32.85false1.1062136136542295falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00HighWater2026-07-07T16:55:22.083false3.3352968663545046falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00LowWater2026-07-07T22:49:00.6false1.5363651139828953falsefalse2026-07-07T00:00:00

  Berthing

Inside the inner harbour there is not much room to manoeuvre....

.... now that they have a central pontoon and there will be no harbour staff on hand to advise you where you can moor. Any empty berths on the pontoon will have permanent owners so don't be tempted to tie up to those (their owners are likely to be fishing and want it when they get back!). Likewise the West wall is unlikely to have a spare ladder.

There are two possibilities; alongside the inside of the North wall (there are ladders) or, if you are lucky, the Gordonston School boats might be out of the water and the hammerhead on the pontoon may be free.

One of the best ways to see what you will be faced with is to look at the Google "Street view" on the link below. (The Street view is more up to date than the satellite view) But even that does not show the vessels now using both sides of the central pier which was the case when one of our members called in there in recent years.

Street view, click here

Remember that this harbour dries so berths closer to the South end of the pontoons are very shallow and there is also a shallower bank between the hammerhead and the North wall so that even if the boats on the hammerhead and the North wall are afloat you can still ground in between them.

Harbour charges are now (2025) about £26 per night; that is if the part time harbour master puts in an appearance. Or you can pay on line HERE

Marinas and Mooring

Hopeman Harbour Master

 

Harbour Office
Granary Street
Burghead
Burghead
IV30 5UA

  Harbour Authorities, Marinas, Moorings & Berths

Mainly leisure angling and boating
  Call     www.morayfirth-partnership.org/index.php?id=621&db=mfp&record=3701    More Info

  Facilities

I'm afraid there is very little other than water and public toilets. The garage has closed so, petrol, diesel and gas have to be found further afield (at Lossiemouth; nothing at Burghead either). There are no services on the pontoon.

If this is your first visit to a Moray Council Harbour you may be puzzled by the round baskets rigged on all the outboard engines tilted out of the water; it doesn't mean that the boat owners around here are particularly careless; it's the dreaded Health and Safety bods on the Council who have made it mandatory!

  What to Do

There may still be a tearoom on the main street and when we were there the Chinese takeaway was closed, although we were told it is still trading. There is a Post Office, a fish and chip shop, a butcher and a Costcutter store. The Station Caravan site has no services for yachtsmen.

Restaurants & Places to Eat in Hopeman - Tripadvisor

The pub here is called the Braemou Inn and does evening meals on a Friday and Saturday

History

Local Business

Compass-Adjusting

Poseidon Navigation Services Ltd

 

Carestown Steading
Deskford
Buckie
Moray
AB56 5TR

  Compass Adjusting

All forms of navigation services for large ships but also is one of the few Compass adjusters in the region.
  Call     www.poseidonnavigation.com    More Info

Uncategorised

Stitch it & Fix It

 

1 North Road
Kinloss
Forres
Morayshire
IV36 3YA

  

This company will undertake repairs to damaged sails and covers. They will also manufacture covers for boats and other projects.
  Call     www.stitchitandfixit.co.uk/    More Info

Hopeman Harbour Master

 

Harbour Office
Granary Street
Burghead
Burghead
IV30 5UA

  Harbour Authorities, Marinas, Moorings & Berths

Mainly leisure angling and boating
  Call     www.morayfirth-partnership.org/index.php?id=621&db=mfp&record=3701    More Info

Poseidon Navigation Services Ltd

 

Carestown Steading
Deskford
Buckie
Moray
AB56 5TR

  Compass Adjusting

All forms of navigation services for large ships but also is one of the few Compass adjusters in the region.
  Call     www.poseidonnavigation.com    More Info

Stitch N Awl

 

12, Main street
Portsoy
Banff
Aberdeenshire
AB45 2RT

  

A new company which is building a reputation for quality. They have expanded into sail repairs this season having done some for visitors to this coast during this season.
  Call     More Info

Tide Information for hopeman

HW Hopeman is HW Aberdeen – 0135 MHWS 4.1m MHWN 3.2m MLWN 1.6m MLWS 0.6m
Please note: It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the data is suitable for their intended purpose. VisitMyHarbour must not be used by vessels for navigation.

July 2026

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday  28
28
Monday  29
29
Tuesday  30
30
Wednesday  1
1
HW   00:31   3.8M
LW   06:43   1.0M
HW   13:06   3.6M
LW   18:49   1.2M
Thursday  2
2
HW   01:04   3.8M
LW   07:20   0.9M
HW   13:39   3.6M
LW   19:26   1.2M
Friday  3
3
HW   01:35   3.8M
LW   07:56   0.9M
HW   14:12   3.6M
LW   20:01   1.2M
Saturday  4
4
HW   02:08   3.8M
LW   08:31   0.9M
HW   14:48   3.5M
LW   20:35   1.3M
Sunday  5
5
HW   02:43   3.7M
LW   09:08   1.0M
HW   15:26   3.5M
LW   21:13   1.4M
Monday  6
6
HW   03:21   3.7M
LW   09:48   1.0M
HW   16:08   3.4M
LW   21:56   1.4M
Tuesday  7
7
HW   04:05   3.6M
LW   10:34   1.1M
HW   16:55   3.3M
LW   22:49   1.5M
Wednesday  8
8
Thursday  9
9
Friday  10
10
Saturday  11
11
© British Crown Copyright, 2026. All rights reserved
Please note: It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the data is suitable for their intended purpose. VisitMyHarbour must not be used by vessels for navigation.
   0   0
UPDATE JULY 2022
30 Jun 2022 by Don Thomson 3
I reviewed these notes in early July 2022. No changes but there is a discrepancy between the Moray website and the local HMs on the price for visiting boats (the website says £20.46 and the locals say £20.00!
   0   0
UPDATE SPRING 2021
26 May 2021 by Don Thomson 3
I reviewed these notes in May 2021. The Buckie Assistant HM located at Burghead is responsible for the day to day running of Hopeman and, should you wish to visit it would be a good idea to contact him on 07880 086756
   0   0
UPDATE SPRING 2018
10 Apr 2018 by Don Thomson
It sounds as though this harbour is becoming even more cluttered than hitherto. The dues have gone up in line with the other Moray harbours.
   0   0
Harbour Availability July 2017
07 Jul 2017 by BillH
I wished to visit Hopeman over the HW period tomorrow (8 July 17) and visited the harbour to check. Your 'Street View' is totally misleading on a number of counts. Normally we moor on the east wall outside the marina which is fine for a yacht + or - a couple of hours either side of HW. Sadly this is no longetr available as there are now two local small fishing boats as well as a commercial (very large) mooring with chain taking up most of the wall. Your information discourages use of the marina pontoons should any be available. Such a shame. Have visited many times over the decades without a problem ...
   0   1
Update Spring 2016
05 Apr 2016 by Don Thomson
These notes were reviewed by Don in April 2016. Very little change except for a small hike in the prices.